Authorities in India have meanwhile ordered heightened security in several regions for coming Friday prayers after two people were shot dead in protests there last week, local media reported.
Last Friday people took to the streets in huge numbers across Asia following the comments by a spokeswoman for India's ruling party on May 26.
The governments of nearly 20 countries summoned Indian envoys for an explanation of Nupur Sharma's remarks about the Prophet.
Shouting slogans such as “Muslims of the world unite”, the Bangladeshi protesters on Thursday rallied in front of Dhaka's biggest mosque and tried to march to the Indian embassy before being blocked by police.
“There were around 10,000 marchers. They were peaceful,” senior police official Enamul Haq told AFP.
The protest was organised by Islami Andolan Bangladesh, one of the largest political parties in Bangladesh, which is home to the world's fourth-largest Muslim population.
Around 150,000 people demonstrated last Friday in major Bangladeshi cities including 20,000 in the capital Dhaka and thousands more in towns and universities.
Speakers at the Dhaka rally on Thursday called for a boycott of Indian products and demanded Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina formally lodge a protest with India.
Hasina, who has been in power for 13 years, is a close ally of India and has stopped short of condemning Sharma's remarks.
Derogatory comments about Islam and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) on social media often trigger violent protests in Bangladesh. They often also spark riots targeting minorities.
Last year, at least six people were killed when widespread anti-Hindu riots swept the southeast of Bangladesh after the alleged desecration of the Holy Quran in a Hindu temple.
The war in Ukraine — and the West's attempt to isolate Russia as punishment for the invasion — have sent the price of grain, cooking oil, fertiliser and energy soaring while Europe has vowed to reduce its dependence on Russian oil and gas.
Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said Russia's strategic partnership with China had withstood attempts by the West to sow discord while the United States and its European allies had destroyed their relationship with Moscow.
"Energy supplies are steadily increasing: China knows what it wants and doesn't shoot itself in the foot. While to the west of Moscow, they shoot themselves in the head," Zakharova told reporters.
"The West isolated itself from us," Zakharova said.
She cast the European Union as plotting a "suicidal" course by trying to diversify away from Russian energy which has supplied Germany since the height of the Cold War.
Russia is the world's second-largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia and world's largest exporter of natural gas.
Zakharova said Russia's diplomatic resources had already been redirected away from Europe, the United States and Canada to Asia, Africa and the former Soviet Union.
President Vladimir Putin says relations with China are the best they have ever been and lauds a strategic partnership aimed at countering US influence.
The United States and European powers blame Putin's decision to invade Ukraine as the reason relations with the West have sunk to the lowest level since the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis — including the severest sanctions in modern history.
Putin, who casts the war as a "special military operation", blames the United States for humiliating Russia in the aftermath of the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union and threatening Moscow by enlarging the NATO military alliance.
Russia sent troops into Ukraine on February 24 to degrade its southern neighbour's military capabilities, root out people it called dangerous nationalists and defend the Russian speakers of two eastern Ukrainian regions.
Ukraine says Russia has launched an imperial-style land grab and will never surrender its territory to Russia, which controls swathes of southern and eastern Ukraine.
Chinese President Xi Jinping told Putin during a phone call on Wednesday that China and Russia were willing to continue to support each other on issues involving core interests and major concerns such as sovereignty and security, Chinese state broadcaster CCTV reported.
"The leaders stated that Russian-Chinese relations are at an unprecedented high level and are constantly improving," the Kremlin said.
"The Chinese President noted the legitimacy of Russia's actions to protect its fundamental national interests in the face of challenges to its security created by external forces."
US President Joe Biden says the West is locked in a battle with autocratic governments such as China and Russia.
Both Russian and Chinese officials say the United States is facing the challenge of adapting to a world where it will soon no longer be the pre-eminent superpower.
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